124 lines
3.7 KiB
Groff
124 lines
3.7 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2023 Thomas Lindner <tom@dl6tom.de>
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
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.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
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.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
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.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.Dd February 15, 2023
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.Dt DUMP_INODE 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm dump_inode
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.Nd recover deleted files from UFS/UFS2 filesystems
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm dump_inode
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.Op Fl ad
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.Op Fl i Ar inode
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.Op Fl o Ar outputfile
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.Ar partition
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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allows recovery of deleted files by inspecting the inode table, listing of
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deleted entries in a directory and dumping of data belonging to an inode.
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.Pp
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Generally, you would
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.Xr umount 8
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a filesystem from which you want to recover a deleted file, to avoid
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overwriting data.
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However, to recover a file with
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.Nm
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it is required that there is still a process that has the file open, to avoid
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that the size and block numbers in the inode are cleared.
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Therefore, it is necessary to keep the filesystem mounted.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl a
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Iterate over the whole inode table.
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Conflicts with
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.Fl i Ar inode .
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.It Fl d
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List directory entries.
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Tries to also list deleted entries.
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.It Fl i Ar inode
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Specify the inode.
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Conflicts with
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.Fl a .
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.It Fl o Ar outputfile
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Write the filedata of the inode to
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.Ar outputfile .
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Requires
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.Fl i Ar inode .
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Use filename - to write to stdout.
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.El
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.Pp
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If neither
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.Fl d
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nor
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.Fl o Ar outputfile
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are specified, the default action is showing the inode content.
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You must specify either
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.Fl a
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or
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.Fl i Ar inode .
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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You can use
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.Xr ls 1
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to get the inode number of a directory:
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.Pp
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.Dl # ls -di example
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.Dl 1671677 example
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.Pp
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Then use
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.Nm
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to list the directory and find the inode number of the deleted file:
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.Pp
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.Dl # dump_inode -di 1671677 sd1k
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.Dl deleted:0 inode:1671677 type:d name:.
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.Dl deleted:0 inode:10079295 type:d name:..
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.Dl deleted:1 inode:1671678 type:f name:test
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.Dl deleted:1 inode:0 type:u name:
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.Pp
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Otherwise, you can list directories starting from the filesystem root, which
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has always inode number 2:
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.Pp
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.Dl # dump_inode -di 2 sd1k
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.Dl deleted:0 inode:2 type:d name:.
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.Dl deleted:0 inode:2 type:d name:..
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.Dl deleted:0 inode:8303627 type:d name:tom
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.Dl deleted:0 inode:522240 type:d name:_sysupgrade
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.Dl deleted:0 inode:3 type:d name:lost+found
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.Dl deleted:1 inode:1201152 type:d name:test
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.Dl deleted:1 inode:8192 type:u name:
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.Pp
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Note, that the listing of deleted entries is based on heuristics and might be
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spurious.
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.Pp
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If you cannot find the inode number of your file this way, you can try to dump
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the whole inode table.
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To find your file this way, you need some criteria to identify it e.g. files
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that are deleted but still open have nlink 0 but a size that is not 0:
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.Pp
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.Dl # dump_inode -a sd1k | grep nlink:0 | grep -v size:0
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.Dl ...
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.Dl inode:1671678 type:f mode:644 nlink:0 uid:1000 gid:1000 size:5 atime:1676817142 mtime:1676817121 ctime:1676817200
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.Dl ...
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.Pp
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Note, that this data might not be written to disk yet and your inode still has
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a nlink that is not 0.
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You can force writeback to disk with
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.Xr sync 8 .
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.Pp
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Once you got the inode of your file you can recover its data:
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.Pp
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.Dl # dump_inode -i 1671678 -o test sd1k
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